Image courtesy of McClure.
Today, an increasing number of engineers are designing structures with cold-formed steel (CFS) framing to meet the diverse requirements of modern buildings. While steel framing offers many advantages, it is crucial to understand the differences in advantages between structural and non-structural CFS framing.
To help architects, engineers and contractors understand these differences, McClure has published an article on non-structural CFS framing entitled, “Guide to Non-Structural Metal Framing.” The article highlights how non-structural CFS framing can improve construction efficiency and lower project costs.
CFS Framing: Light and Noncombustible
CFS studs and joists are made from structural quality sheet steel. The steel framing products are formed into C-sections and other shapes usually by roll forming the steel through a series of dies. No heat is required to form the shapes, unlike hot-rolled steel, hence the name cold-formed steel.
“Cold-formed steel is a very light material to work with,” says the McClure guide. “It is also noncombustible, meaning it will not ignite or burn, which helps with a building’s fire rating and safety.”
Video Credit: MRI Steel Framing
The Benefits of Steel Framing Over Wood
Non-structural CFS framing is used commercially to support gypsum wallboard. It is designed for interior applications and, because the steel is less robust than structural CFS products, non-structural CFS is not suitable to create load-bearing walls.
Typically, non-structural studs feature a thinner galvanized coating for corrosion protection. For example, a 33-mil interior stud will generally have a lighter coating than a 33-mil structural stud, unless specified otherwise.
Why Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) Framing?
- Dimensionally stable and does not expand or contract with changes in moisture content
- Lightweight compared to wood and concrete
- Will not warp, split, crack or creep when exposed to the elements
- Sustainable and 100% recyclable
- Durable and has a high tensile strength
- Non-combustible and is a safeguard against fire accidents
Non-Structural Advantages: Easy to Handle, Cost Efficient, More
When selecting the type of CFS framing for construction projects, McClure says it’s essential to balance performance and cost efficiency. For interior applications, opting for non-structural over structural CFS studs can lead to superior design solutions for several reasons:
- Light Weight: Non-structural studs are lighter, which reduces material costs and eases transportation
- Easier Handling: Their thinner profile simplifies cutting and installation, accelerating construction and lowering labor expenses
- Cost Efficiency: Ideal for interior, non-load bearing walls, non-structural studs provide a cost-effective solution without sacrificing functionality
- Greater Design Possibilities: Tested with full-height drywall on both faces, non-structural studs achieve taller allowable spans, opening up innovative design possibilities
- Ability to Optimize Space: Their use enables higher construction with smaller studs, optimizing space and enhancing architectural creativity
- Reduced Load: Their lighter weight minimizes the overall load on the building, potentially decreasing foundation and support requirements
- Quick Installation: Their ease of handling and faster assembly result in fewer on-site adjustments, reducing the risk of construction errors
CFS Designator System
Due to the diverse range of CFS profiles, depths, widths and thicknesses, the steel framing industry developed a standardized designator system used by all manufacturers and suppliers. This universal system is also incorporated into building codes to identify CFS framing products. Understanding it simplifies the specification of components and the selection of a distributor.
4 Keys to Optimizing Non-Structural CFS
“One of the most important aspects of using non-structural CFS framing is access — in other words, how the studs will actually get into the building,” says McClure.
Consider these essential strategies to optimize the placement and performance of non-structural CFS studs:
- Access & Delivery: Ensure that wall studs can be delivered and installed before exterior walls are closed, or provide an alternative access point
- Bridging Needs: In tall wall applications, bridging may be required for stability unless full-height drywall is applied on both faces
- Detailing Considerations: Pay close attention to the detailing of door jambs and frames to ensure proper integration with the framing system
- Stud Sizing: Consider downsizing stud thickness by bracing at a shorter span (for example, using a 15-foot span instead of 20 feet) to reduce costs without compromising performance
Ultimately, the choice of framing techniques and materials will depend on project-specific requirements and the contractor’s expertise and preferences.
“At the end of the day, however, it comes back to the preference of the contractor,” says McClure.
Read McCLure’s “Guide to Non-Structural Metal Framing.”
Additional Resources:
- McClure Wins 2024 CFSEI Award for Design of Curvy Angelo Caputo’s Entryway
- McClure Reveals How to Design and Build Cold-Formed Steel Panels Successfully
- McClure Wins CFSEI Award for Church’s Multiple Cold-Formed Steel Domes